Atopic eczema

This is the most common type of eczema. If you have atopic eczema, it means that you have been born with a tendency to develop allergies. Your skin is sensitive and prone to allergic reactions and you may have had a food allergy in early childhood or developed asthma or hay fever. These atopic conditions often run in the family.

Atopic eczema now affects about 1 in 5 young children in the UK. Many people 'grow out' of their allergic conditions in their teens, but allergies may persist or return throughout adulthood.

Atopic eczema can be triggered by a specific substance, such as latex in rubber gloves, which is a common allergen. Stress or infections can also trigger eczema.

During an eczema attack or 'flare up', the skin can get extremely red, dry and blistered. It is very itchy and sufferers repeatedly scratch and rub their skin to get relief. Unfortunately this damages the protective surface layer of the skin, leaving it open to infection.

With treatment, the redness and irritation can be reduced, but the skin will remain sensitive and need extra care. During a mild attack, using a mild steroid cream or other treatments can help. During a more severe attack, stronger steroid creams may be needed, under guidance from a healthcare professional. Antibiotics can help if the skin becomes infected, and in more severe cases, stronger medication such as an immunosuppressant (treatment that calms over-active immune system responses) or ultraviolet light treatment may be needed.

Try to avoid things that irritate the skin, and moisturise regularly with an emollient (moisturising, soothing and softening skin product) to help prevent or manage the condition. Choose a product that is free from fragrances and preservatives - the fewer ingredients, the better.